A Brief Review on the Development of Alginate Extraction Process and Its Sustainability

Alginate is an attractive marine resource-based biopolymer, which has been widely used in pharmaceutical, food and textile industries. This paper reviewed the latest development of conventional alternative processes for alginate extraction from brown seaweed. To improve yield product quality, various studies have carried out to optimize operation condition. Based on literature survey, most commonly protocol soaking milled seaweed 2% (w/v) formaldehyde, overnight, solid loading ratio 1:10–20 (dry weight biomass solution), then collecting acid pre-treatment with HCl 0.2–2% (w/v), 40–60 °C, 1:10–30 2–4 h. Next, residue extracted using Na2CO3 at 2–4% 2–3 h, ratio. Then liquid portion precipitated by ethanol (95%+) a 1:1 (v/v). Finally, output dried oven 50–60 °C. Novel methods ultrasound, microwave, enzymes extrusion improved properties, but financial benefits not fully justified yet. sustainable production alginate, it required promote cultivation, reduce water footprint, decrease organic solvent usage co-produce other value-added products.